Chmielowski Benedict, author of the late baroque encyclopedias New Athens, wrote about the name China: Chinese and Spanish Luzytańczykowie country called China, the Italians Toskańcy Cinam, Germany Tchinam, the Arabs is called Sin, Sin geographer Ptolemy s Sericam, Saracens Katay or Kitay, and the Chinaman alone at his country give every other name if there is another there familia.

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Chinese themselves often call their country Zhongguo, or to China. In Chinese, however, there are many names of this country of different colors stylistic and emotional, including Zhonghua, Tianxia or Shenzhou - name of the Shenzhou series of spacecraft was intended as a homophone names in China.

The division of China and Taiwan has remained since 1949, when members of the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek after losing a civil war from 1945 to 1949 with the Communists of Mao Zedong and the two million supporters fled to the island of Taiwan, where he established a government of continuing the tradition of the Republic of China founded in 1911 From 1949 until his death in 1975, Chiang Kai-shek led the anti-communist propaganda from Taiwan, paves the way for his return to the continent. During this period, the Republic of China was an authoritarian state under the rule of one party. It was not until the end of martial law in 1987 and the follow-up the death of his father's policies of President Chiang Ching-kuo in 1988 paved the way for the democratization of Taiwan.